The First, Second, and Third Samnite wars, between the early Roman Republic and the tribes of Samnium, extended over half a century, involving almost all the states of Italy, and ended in Roman domination of the Samnites. The tribes of Samnium, who held the Apennines to the southeast of Latium, were Rome's most formidable rivals. |  | First Samnite War (344 to 341 BC)
- 343 BC - Start of the First Samnite War.
- 342 BC - Battle of Mount Gaurus.
- 341 BC - Rome withdraws from the conflict with the Samnites and enters the Latin War on the side of the Samnites.
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